Abstract
ArrayChips are semiconductor devices that enable rapid and flexible fabrication of very large-scale arrays of biomolecules. Array fabrication is controlled by electronic hardware on the chip and is software configurable. This feature enables very rapid turnaround times of new array designs for testing and optimization. Biomolecules in the array are synthesized in situ or immobilized at selected addressable locations. Synthesis occurs directly within the interstices of a hydrated and highly porous membrane that overlays the ArrayChip. Synthesis is accomplished in situ using reagents that are generated electrochemically at individually addressable microelectrodes on ArrayChips. We have developed technologies for in situ synthesis of arrays of oligonucleotides, peptides and small molecules. ArrayChips obviate any need for microfluidics or other unconventional semiconductor hardware. First-generation ArrayChips have microelectrode array densities of over 1,000 individually addressable sites per cm2. Second-generation hardware designs have over 500,000 individually addressable sites per cm2.
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