Verticillium Wilt of African Daisy (Osteospermum sp.) in Italy Caused by Verticillium dahliae.

Abstract

During the winter of 2004, container-grown African daisy (Osteospermum sp.) plants, cv Seaside, showing symptoms of a wilt disease were observed in an open field in Albenga located in northern Italy. Symptoms were first observed on 120-day-old plants grown in a peat/composted bark/clay/pumice (50:20:10:20) substrate. The vascular tissues of affected plants appeared brown. These plants were stunted and developed yellow leaves with brown or black streaks in the vascular tissue. Verticillium dahliae was consistently and readily isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue when cultured on potato dextrose agar. Healthy rooted plants (40-day-old cv Seaside) were inoculated by root dip with a conidial suspension (5 × 107 CFU/ml) from one of three isolates of V. dahliae isolated from infected plants and transplanted into pots filled with steam-sterilized soil. Noninoculated plants served as control treatments. Plants (10 per treatment) were grown in a glasshouse at an average temperature of 25°C. First wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crown, and veins developed within 15 days on each inoculated plant and become very evident after 50 days. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. V. dahliae was consistently reisolated from inoculated plants. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. dahliae on Osteospermum sp. in Italy and in Europe. Verticillium wilt has been previously reported on O. fruticosum in California (1). Reference: (1) A. M. French. California Plant Disease Host Index. Calif. Dep. Food Agric. 1989.