Vertically unstable sacral fractures with neurological insult: outcomes of surgical decompression and reconstruction plate internal fixation

Abstract

During a 4-year period, 32 patients with type C unstable sacral fractures were treated in our university hospital. All patients had neurological deficits as a result of their sacral fracture. The average age was 31.2 (range 22-54) years and the average Hannover Polytrauma Score (PTS) was 24 (range 19-40) points. Twelve patients had zone I fracture, ten had zone II fracture and ten patients had comminuted fractures involving both zones. All patients underwent surgical decompression and reconstruction plate internal fixation. The average follow up period was 24.4 (range 19-47) months. Twenty-one patients (65.6%) had complete neurological recovery, eight patients (25%) had partial recovery and three patients (9.4%) had no recovery. The relationship between radiological and functional scores was evident but insignificant (P = 0.434). Significantly, the neurological recovery was less favourable in older age groups, pedestrian trauma, vertical shear injuries, comminuted fractures, fifth lumbar root involvement, very low motor power grades and in patients presenting late. Concerning complications, four patients (12.5%) had early infection and five patients (15.6%) had late urological problems and heterotopic ossification. Consequently, we conclude that patients undergoing very early surgical decompression and only reconstruction plate internal fixation can achieve safe early ambulation and better neurological, functional and radiological results.