Abstract
Hierarchical structures enable high-performance power sources. We report here the preparation of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes directly grown on carbon nanofibers (VACNTs/CNFs) by combining electrospinning with pyrolysis technologies. The structure and morphology of VACNTs/CNFs could be precisely tuned and controlled by adjusting the percentage of reactants. The desired VACNTs/CNFs could not only possess high electric conductivity for efficient charge transport but could also increase surface area for accessing more electrolyte ions. When using an ionic liquid electrolyte, VACNTs/CNFs-based electric double layer (EDL) flexible supercapacitors can deliver a high specific energy of 70.7 Wh/kg at a current density of 0.5 A/g and at 30 °C, and an ultrahigh-energy density of 98.8 Wh/kg at a current density of 1.0 A/g and at 60 °C. Even after 20 000 charging/discharging cycles, the EDL capacitor still retains 97.0% of the initial capacitance. The excellent performance highlights the important role of the ...
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