Vertical variations in the concentration and community structure of airborne microbes in PM2.5

Abstract

With the recent rapid development of urbanization, severe air pollution events frequently occur in China. Subsequently, variations of bioaerosols during air pollution events have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most published studies on bioaerosols mainly focus on the characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi at a certain height near the ground surface. The vertical variations in microbial aerosols at different heights are not well understood. In this study, PM2.5 samples at three heights (1.5 m, 100 m and 229.5 m) were collected from September 2019 to January 2020 in Xi'an, China. The samples were then analyzed by a fluorescence staining and high-throughput sequencing to explore the vertical variations in the concentration and community structure of the airborne bacteria. The results show that the microbial concentration in PM2.5 decreased with increasing height on polluted days, while there was no significant difference at different heights on non-polluted days (p > 0.05). The bacterial community structures were similar at different heights on polluted days; however, on non-polluted days, the bacterial community structure at 229.5 m was significantly different from that at the other heights. Importantly, meteorological factors had more significant effects on the bacterial community at 229.5 m than at 1.5 m and 100 m. The present results can improve the understanding of vertical distribution of bioaerosols and their diffusion process.