Abstract
Fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerators with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for rings with fixed-field superconducting magnets. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focusing structure. Scaling-type VFFAGs are found with fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range. This paper presents the first multiparticle tracking of such machines. Proton driver rings to accelerate the 800 MeV beam from the ISIS synchrotron are presented, in terms of both magnet field geometry and longitudinal behavior during acceleration with space charge. The 12 GeV ring produces an output power of at least 2.18 MW. Possible applications of VFFAGs to waste transmutation, hadron therapy, and energy-recovery electron accelerators are also discussed.
Highlights
Fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerators with vertical orbit excursion (VFFAGs) provide a promising alternative design for rings with fixed-field superconducting magnets. They have a vertical magnetic field component that increases with height in the vertical aperture, yielding a skew quadrupole focusing structure
Scaling-type VFFAGs are found with fixed tunes and no intrinsic limitation on momentum range
This paper presents the first multiparticle tracking of such machines
Summary
An FFAG is an accelerator with fixed magnetic fields but alternating gradient focusing over a range of energies; a VFFAG is such an accelerator where the vertical position of the beam changes with energy. If the closed orbit of a ring accelerator lies in a horizontal pHlaBnyeds(c1⁄4on2stanpt=yq),inthoerdmeargfnoerttihcefioerlbditaltooncgloistem, wushtesraetissfiys path length. This can be satisfied by many magnetic fields, some of which permit vertical orbit excursion. It is a misconception to think that the closed orbit always moves to larger radii as momentum increases in a fixed field machine. Such an accelerator with increasing energy, where adiabatic shrinkage of the beam is visible
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