Abstract
Objective: To analyze differences in vertical mandibular and trunk symmetry in orthodontic patients. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 129 growing orthodontic patients who sought orthodontic treatment at the Dental Hospital Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Mandibular symmetry index was observed with pre-treatment panoramic radiography based on Kjellberg's technique and trunk symmetry was evaluated based on questionnaires and visual observation. Vertical mandibular asymmetry was decided if the index of asymmetry was lower than 93.7%. The bivariate analysis used the chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance level of 5% . Results: There was a significant association between vertical mandibular and trunk symmetry (p<0.05). The prevalence odds ratio for the association with vertical mandibular asymmetry was 3.007 (95% CI = 1.016-8.905) for trunk asymmetry . Conclusion: The necessity to consider trunk symmetry could be included in orthodontics treatment of any malocclusion with vertical mandibular asymmetry that might require a multidisciplinary approach in the future.
Highlights
Bilateral differences occur everywhere in vertebrae naturally and mark asymmetry in the anatomy of the body
Mandibular symmetry index was observed with pre-treatment panoramic radiography based on Kjellberg's technique and trunk symmetry was evaluated based on questionnaires and visual observation
The necessity to consider trunk symmetry could be included in orthodontics treatment of any malocclusion with vertical mandibular asymmetry that might require a multidisciplinary approach in the future
Summary
Bilateral differences occur everywhere in vertebrae naturally and mark asymmetry in the anatomy of the body. The classification of asymmetries according to the involving structures includes dental, skeletal, muscular, and soft tissue and functional parameters. These slight facial asymmetries are acceptable esthetically. More significant asymmetry may cause functional as well as esthetic problems [1,3,4]. The causes of mandibular asymmetry can be stratified as developmental, pathological, traumatic, and functional [4,5]. A similar theory about the development of the craniocervical complex based on individual muscular balances [9] associated with regional imbalances has been deemed a contributory factor in facial asymmetry and shoulder imbalance in adolescent subjects. Morphological features of the odontoid process may serve as valuable predictive markers in interdisciplinary orthopedic–orthodontic diagnostics [10,11]
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