Vertical Line Groups of Horizontal Anchors in Sand

Abstract

It has been established elsewhere that the behavior of a single isolated horizontally loaded vertical plate anchor in sand changes from shallow to deep at a depth of 6.5 times the anchor height. In studies on uplift anchors, Hanna noted that the behavior of anchors and their depth of embedment. Horizontal anchors, such as are used with diaphragm walls, are usually arranged in groups and at varying depths. This note describes an investigation undertaken to study how the pullout capacities of vertical line groups of horizontal anchors are influenced by their center-to-center spacing and their depths of embedment.