Abstract
Gallium arsenide and naphthalene single crystals were produced by programming down furnaces constructed such that the temperature increased with height. In naphthalene, grain selection was enhanced by producing a convex interface shape. Both experiments and theory showed that the interface shape depended on the furnace temperature gradient, the cooling rate, additional cooling of the ampoule bottom, tapering of the crucible, the dimensions of the crucible, and the heat transfer coefficient between crucible and furnace.
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