Abstract
Vertebrate microremains from the presumed earliest Tournaisian of the Devil's Plain Formation, Mansfield Group, from the Mansfield Basin, Victoria, are described. Actinopterygian teeth, scales, basal fin-ray segments and ornamented bones referred to ?Mansfieldiscus sp., dominate the assemblage. Rarer chondrichthyan scales and teeth are identified including a hybodontiform, Tristychius sp., Ctenacanthus sp. and Ageleodus altus sp. nov., augmenting the record of the non-marine to marginal marine fish assemblage of the presumed earliest Tournaisian of the Mansfield Basin. A similar fish microremains fauna is known from the Drummond Basin of central Queensland, but this is the first possible Carboniferous chondrichthyan fauna described from Victoria, consisting of shark remains, such as Ageleodus, hybodonts, xenacanths and ctenacanths, ubiquitous in Northern Hemisphere marginal environments in the late Devonian to Carboniferous, and indicating greater biodiversity in East Gondwana environments. An Acanthodes sp. gill raker and spines of indeterminate Acanthodii are also recorded.
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