Vertebral changes in the lumbar spine of adults presenting with chronic low back pain at a Referral Hospital in western Kenya

Abstract

Background: Chronic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal symptom affecting the lower part of the spine. It is described as pain and discomfort around the lumbar region lasting for more than twelve weeks. The symptoms of chronic low back pain might range from a dull ache to a stubbing or shooting sensation. This nature of pain may be localized around the axial region or radiate to the lower limbs affecting the patients’ daily activities. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate vertebral changes in the lumbar spine of adults presenting with chronic low back pain at Kakamega County General and Referral Hospital.
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study whereby; patients’ data was collected during patients’ presentation at orthopedic outpatient clinic and MRI department. Purposive sampling of lumbar spine Magnetic resonance imaging scans was used to obtain data. A total of 144 patients were selected using the Yamane Taro formula. Anatomical vertebral changes of the lumbar spine were assessed from the selected MRIs to evaluate the structural causes of chronic low back pain. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used in analyzing the data.
 Results: It was noted that osteophytes were the most pathological changes causing chronic low back pain while fractures were the least common. Osteophytic changes in the vertebra and desiccation of the intervertebral discs can predispose one to chronic lower back pain.
 Conclusion: The study recommends early screening and treatment of lower back pain to avert its sequelae.