Abstract
The gain changes of Valvo 56 AVP photomultiplier tubes (PM) after counting rate changes have been investigated with regard to their dependence to dynode current and temperature. The photomultipliers were combined with a NaI(Tl)-crystal. Changes of the counting rate cause a fast initial gain change, followed by a slow shift. Within 30 h, four tubes stabilize in gain, while one tube shows a further slow drift. All changes are reversible. Magnitude and time dependence of gain changes vary with dynode current and temperature of the PM. An increase of temperature or dynode current at a high counting rate speeds up the gain changes. The gain changes may be explained by caesium atoms covering the emitter surface of the dynodes.
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