Abstract
De aanwezigheid van mycotoxines in veevoeder kan aanzienlijke schade aan de diergezondheid toebrengen. Dit kan tot beduidende economische verliezen leiden voor de veehouderij. In dit overzichtsartikel worden de belangrijkste maatregelen weergegeven om mycotoxineproductie tegen te gaan en haar effect op de diergezondheid te verminderen. Zowel de mogelijke maatregelen vóór als na de oogst en een overzicht van de verschillende mycotoxine-detoxifi cerende producten worden besproken. De huidige wetgeving met betrekking tot maximum toegelaten gehaltes of indicatieve waarden van mycotoxines in verschillende voeders wordt eveneens vermeld. Deze wetgeving stelt de landbouwindustrie in staat om de resultaten van voederanalysen te interpreteren en te beslissen om al dan niet maatregelen te treffen.
Highlights
De aanwezigheid van mycotoxines in veevoeder kan aanzienlijke schade aan de diergezondheid toebrengen
Clay products, including bentonites, zeolites and Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), are the most common feed additives effective in binding aflatoxins in vitro as well as in vivo (Kabak et al, 2006). Because of their fairly nonpolar properties, they lack the ability of adsorbing Fusarium mycotoxins, such as fumonisins, zearalenone (ZON) and trichothecenes, as well as ochratoxin A (OTA) (Avantaggiato et al, 2005; Kabak et al, 2006; Phillips et al, 2008)
Nesic et al (2008) did observe improved performance of pigs when GMA was included in the diet compared to a diet only contaminated with ZON at 3.8 and 5.2 mg/kg. Another group of organic mycotoxin binders, which have recently become of interest, are lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Summary
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species on feed and foodstuffs. All plants in the field need an adequate water supply; excess irrigation during flowering (anthesis) makes conditions favorable for Fusarium infection (Codex Alimentarius, 2002). Another factor which is known to increase the susceptibility of agricultural commodities to mold invasion is damage due to birds, lepidopteran insects or rodents. The wide variety of chemical decontamination processes include radiation, oxidation, reduction, ammonization, alkalization, acidification and deamination (Kabak et al, 2006) These chemical methods are not allowed in the European Union (European Commission, 2001) as chemical transformation might lead to toxic derivatives. In the United States of America, only ammonization is licensed for detoxifying aflatoxins
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