Abstract
BackgroundMeasuring weight bearing is an essential aspect of clinical care for lower limb injuries such as sprains or meniscopathy surgeries. This care often involves the use of forearm crutches for partial loads progressing to full loads. Therefore, feasible methods of load monitoring for daily clinical use are needed.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to design an innovative multifunctional desktop load-measuring software that complements GCH System 2.0–instrumented forearm crutches and monitors the applied loads, displaying real-time graphical and numerical information, and enabling the correction of inaccuracies through feedback technology during assisted gait. The secondary objective was to perform a preliminary implementation trial.MethodsThe software was designed for indoor use (clinics/laboratories). This software translates the crutch sensor signal in millivolts into force units, records and analyzes data (10-80 Hz), and provides real-time effective curves of the loads exerted on crutches. It covers numerous types of extrinsic feedback, including visual, acoustic (verbal/beeps), concurrent, terminal, and descriptive feedback, and includes a clinical and research use database. An observational descriptive pilot study was performed with 10 healthy subjects experienced in bilateral assisted gait. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to evaluate the load accuracy evolution of each subject (ie, changes in the loads exerted on crutches for each support) among various walks, which was interpreted at the 95% confidence level.ResultsGCH Control Software was developed as a multifunctional desktop tool complementing GCH System 2.0–instrumented forearm crutches. The pilot implementation of the feedback mechanism observed 96/100 load errors at baseline (walk 0, no feedback) with 7/10 subjects exhibiting crutch overloading. Errors ranged from 61.09% to 203.98%, demonstrating heterogeneity. The double-bar feedback found 54/100 errors in walk 1, 28/100 in walk 2, and 14/100 in walk 3. The first walk with double-bar feedback (walk 1) began with errors similar to the baseline walk, generally followed by attempts at correction. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test used to evaluate each subject’s progress showed that all participants steadily improved the accuracy of the loads applied to the crutches. In particular, Subject 9 required extra feedback with two single-bar walks to focus on the total load. The participants also corrected the load balance between crutches and fluency errors. Three subjects made one error of load balance and one subject made six fluctuation errors during the three double-bar walks. The latter subject performed additional feedback with two balance-bar walks to focus on the load balance.ConclusionsGCH Control Software proved to be useful for monitoring the loads exerted on forearm crutches, providing a variety of feedback for correcting load accuracy, load balance between crutches, and fluency. The findings of the complementary implementation were satisfactory, although clinical trials with larger samples are needed to assess the efficacy of the different feedback mechanisms and to select the best alternatives in each case.
Highlights
Gait is a basic motor function of humans [1,2,3]; many health and engineering professionals, among others, have pooled their efforts to analyze and assess gait for recovery or optimization purposes.New feedback-based technologies are especially useful in the field of rehabilitation [4] to reeducate an altered function or teach a new one, such as in the functional recovery of walking [5,6]
GCH Control Software was developed as a multifunctional desktop tool complementing GCH System 2.0–instrumented forearm crutches
GCH Control Software proved to be useful for monitoring the loads exerted on forearm crutches, providing a variety of feedback for correcting load accuracy, load balance between crutches, and fluency
Summary
New feedback-based technologies are especially useful in the field of rehabilitation [4] to reeducate an altered function or teach a new one, such as in the functional recovery of walking [5,6] These aspects are fundamental objectives of physiotherapy [7,8], which enable subjects to voluntarily control and modify certain body functions or biological processes if they are given new information about these functions and processes. This is the basic principle underlying feedback mechanisms [7,9,10]. Feasible methods of load monitoring for daily clinical use are needed
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