Abstract
Toroidal mirrors can be used to efficiently focus synchrotron radiation for magnifications near 1. At the Pacific Northwest Consortium-Collaborative Access Team (PNC-CAT) insertion device beamline, a toroidal mirror is used to focus the entire undulator beam to a spot size of 400(H)×100(V) μm2. For large demagnifications, Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors are a good choice. Spot sizes down to 1 μm have been achieved at PNC-CAT. However, these mirrors only collect a fraction of the undulator beam, and result in a highly divergent beam with a short working distance. To achieve an intermediate beam size with less divergence, the toroidal and KB mirrors can be combined. The toroidal mirror reduces the beam to match the entrance aperture of the KB mirrors. This combination can provide beam sizes below 100 μm while collecting the entire undulator beam and providing a convenient working distance. Thus, the beam size, working distance, and divergence can be tailored to the needs of the experiment.
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