Abstract
A male patient, 30 years old, diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia in 2005, underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the same year. The patient developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and underwent prolonged immunosuppression, which resulted in the development of nephrotic syndrome and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient came to the dentistry clinic complaining of an oral lesion. We observed the presence of a 2 cm exophytic and ulcerated lesion with hardened edges, slightly bleeding to the touch, on the side of the tongue. In view of the suspicious aspect of the lesion, an incisional biopsy was performed and, after histopathologic analysis, the diagnosis of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma with ulceration was confirmed, and angiolymphatic and perineural invasions were not identified. The patient was referred to the head and neck surgery service for treatment. GVHD is a condition with the potential for malignant transformation, and such oral lesions must be monitored.
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