Vernacular Architecture: Exploring the Architectural Characteristics and Changes in Traditional Settlements of Rana Tharu from Far Western Nepal

Abstract

Vernacular architecture and settlements are considered culturally meaningful, socially acceptable, locally harmonized, and ecologically sustainable. The traditional buildings seem to be more connected to the local places, environment, culture, indigenous technology and people. However, with the development of new technologies along with increase in population, replacement of these vernacular buildings and settlements has become a regular phenomenon in many of the nations including Nepal. In this regard, considering the case of vernacular buildings and settlements of Rana Tharu from far western region, this paper aims to (i) examine the characteristics of settlement pattern, house form, construction technology, materials and spaces in Rana Tharu settlements; and (ii) identify the changes and crucial factors behind the acceleration of such changes. The paper applies a qualitative approach through explanatory qualitative analysis for exploring the transformation in architectural style, settlement patterns, house forms, construction techniques, use of spaces, and community livelihoods in the Rana Tharu settlements. Field observations, key informant's interviews and informal discussion with locals were carried out. This research contributes in understanding the factors causing changes in traditional Rana Tharu buildings and settlement, and also highlights on significance of vernacular architecture and settlements.