Verifying common-cause reduction rules for fault tolerant systems via simulation using a stress–strength failure model

Abstract

Redundant programmable electronic systems are commonly used in many industrial processes for safety protection and high availability process control. Common-cause failures can significantly reduce the benefits of the redundancy designed into this equipment. To improve on this situation, a number of qualitative design rules for reducing common cause failures have been put forth. However, these rules have not previously been subjected to quantitative verification. It is important to understand the magnitude of common cause failures and how this varies with design changes. This information can be used to show how system designs can be improved by lowering common cause failure rates. A stress–strength simulation was created to simulate the failures of a programmable electronic system under different design scenarios and the common cause failure rate was computed for each case. The simulation results not only confirm that the qualitative design rules lowered common cause failure rates but also provide some quantitative assessment of how large the improvements can be in various cases.