Abstract
In the twenty-first century, high contagious infectious diseases such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), FMD (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) and AI (Avian Influenza) have become very prevalent, causing treat harm to humans and animals in aspect of public health, and economical issues. The critical problem is that newly-reported infectious diseases that humans firstly experience are expected to continue to emerge, and these diseases will be spreading out rapidly. Therefore, rapid and safe supplies of effective vaccines are most pivotal to prevent the rapid prevalent of new infection, but international standards or assessing protocol the safety of urgent vaccines are not established well. In our previous study, since we established a module to assess the brain safety of urgent vaccines, therefore, it is necessary to verify that this established module for assessing brain safety could work effectively in commercially available two vaccines (one killed- and on live-vaccines). We compared the results of Evans blue (EB) assay and qPCR analysis by injection of two kinds of vaccines, PBS and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under the condition of the module previously reported. We confirmed that the brain safety test module for urgent vaccine we established is very reproducible. Therefore, it is believed that this vaccine safety testing method can be used to validate brain safety when prompt supply of a newly developed vaccines is needed.
Highlights
A variety of infectious diseases with high rates of spread and mortality have been frequent
Evans blue (EB) assay for brain permeability After i.p injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), LPS (1.0 mg/4 ml/kg) and two vaccines at three concentrations, the permeability of EB dye in brain parenchyma was measured by the ratio of the amount of EB dye in brain to the amount of EB dye in blood (Fig. 1)
The EB dye permeability of P1 group (; injected with 2fold concentration of porcine vaccine stock solution) and P2 group (; injected with reference concentration of porcine vaccine stock solution) was increased than PBS/ EB group, but not significantly, and EB dye penetrated through the brain parenchyma less than LPS/EB group (Fig. 1a)
Summary
A variety of infectious diseases with high rates of spread and mortality have been frequent. It has been reported that high contagious infectious diseases are spreading through various routes and carriers for recent two decades. It is important to prevent from spreading out a number of infectious diseases earlier in the outbreak of the causing agents because of our rapid transportation population density. Prompt supplying of vaccines should be secured within a limit time, even at unexpected times and places. The speed of vaccine development is a very critical issue. Safety of the vaccines should be assured. It is difficult to obtain sufficient time to perform a complete safety evaluation for a rapid supply of urgent vaccines. It is very unfortunate that we have already
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