Abstract
Here we examine the effects of extracts of Poria cocos mycelium fermented with freeze-dried plum powder (PPE) on the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis in cultured murine B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells), relative to the effects of Prunus extract. We found that an extract of Prunus fermentation showed significant inhibition of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity with no effect on cell proliferation and was more active compared to Prunus extract alone. Furthermore, we confirmed that medium containing 3% Prunus was the optimal culture substrate for fermentation with Poria cocos. These results provide evidence that Prunus fermentation extract affects skin whiting in murine B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells). Prunus contains rutin, oxalic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid, which help in digestion and fatigue recovery. The rutin of Prunus mume is reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, Prunus extract has a tyrosinase inhibitory activity for skin whiting through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, we believe the Prunus extract for Poria cocos fermentation can be provided as a potential mediator to induce skin whiting.
Highlights
Melanin plays a key role in photoprotection and imparts skin color
The total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content, and condensed tannin content of extracts of the cultured Poria cocos mycelium fermented with freeze-dried plum powder (PPE) were determined using gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin calibration curves, respectively
We summarize the effects of extracts of the cultured Poria cocos mycelium fermented with freezedried plum powder (PPE) on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis in murine B16F0 melanoma cells (B16 cells), as compared with Prunus extract
Summary
Melanin plays a key role in photoprotection and imparts skin color. It is well documented that overproduction and excessive accumulation of melanin leads to various human skin disorders, such as melasma, freckles, age spots, and malignant melanomas [1]. Melanin synthesis is modulated by the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis, and the size and amount of melanosomes generated by melanogenic enzymes [2,3,4,5]. Among the many enzymes involved, melanogenic enzymes present in melanocytes and melanoma cells, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), are the most important regulators of melanin biosynthesis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis and exerts its effect by catalyzing the hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone. The TRP-1 complexes include TRP-1 (involved in the oxidization of 5,6dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) to a carboxylated indole-quinone) and TRP-2
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