Abstract
Equid herpesviruses (EHVs) affect equine health and can cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. In the current study, the circulation of two infectious equid herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) among different horse populations in some farms was monitored. In the present study, 50 samples of nasal secretions and tissue homogenates from neurological disease cases, abortion, neonatal foal deaths, and 36 serum samples. Samples of swabs and organs inoculated in embryonated chiken egg and Madin darby bovine kidney cell line. 29samples were positive in egg injection but no detected CPE in cell line for three passages. DNA was extracted and subjected to conventional PCR to detect the two herpesviruses' presence using specific primers. Three isolates of EHV-1 and four were detected. One EHV-1 and two EHV-4 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the existence of the isolated EHV-1 and EHV-4. They were more closely related to other previously isolated EHV-1 and EHV-4 from Egypt and other countries. Antibodies against EHV-1 and EHV-4 were tested using ELISA. The results showed that EHV-1 and EHV-4 are endemic and can be a continuous threat for horses in the absence of vaccination programs and frequent virus reactivation.
Highlights
Horses are constantly exposed to the world's widespread equid herpesviruses (EHVs) in horse populations
The results showed that equid herpesviruses type 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) are endemic and can be a continuous threat for horses in the absence of vaccination programs and frequent virus reactivation
The viruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily [six viruses: equid herpesviruses type 1 (EHV-1), EHV-3, EHV-4, EHV6, EHV-8, and EHV-9] or the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily [three viruses; EHV-2, EHV-5, and EHV-7 (Davison et al, 2009)
Summary
Horses are constantly exposed to the world's widespread equid herpesviruses (EHVs) in horse populations. Active and / or latent infection by EHV-1 and EHV-4 occurs among the equine population These horses harbor the viruses and serve as their disseminators following the stress and reactivation of latent infections. The circulation of four infectious equid herpesviruses (EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5) among different Arabian horse populations and donkeys in Egypt were monitored through measuring antibody titers against EHV-1 and EHV-4 using virus neutralization test and type-specific ELISA; the result revealed that EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5 are endemic and can be a continuous threat for horses in the absence of vaccination programs and frequent virus reactivation The current study's objective was to determine the prevalence of infection with EHV1 and EHV4 among horses and donkeys in Egypt and molecular comparison between the local isolate of each of them and the previously sequenced Egyptian and universal strains
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