Verification of Complex Image Based Sparse SAR Imaging Method on GaoFen-3 Dataset

Abstract

Sparse signal processing-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, also known as sparse SAR imaging, is the main research direction of sparse microwave imaging theory. Compared with a conventional SAR system, sparse SAR imaging radar has significant potential to improve imaging performance. However, because it requires heavy computations, the application of sparse SAR imaging in large-scene recovery has become difficult, which restricts its further applications. Additionally, complex SAR images, rather than raw data, are usually used for data archiving due to a number of reasons such as data copyright and system confidentiality. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study how sparse imaging can be achieved using only Matched Filtering (MF) recovered complex images with less computational cost. GaoFen-3 is China’s first 1-m resolution multi-polarization C-band satellite. It has a high-resolution, wide swath imaging ability and hence plays an important role in disaster monitoring and ocean surveillance applications. In this paper, we introduce a complex image-based sparse SAR imaging method to process GaoFen-3 complex image data and improve image performance. Experimental results show that the sparse imaging results have lower sidelobes, higher signal-to-clutter and noise ratio, and better target distinguishing ability compared with inputted images. Additionally, sparse imaging can effectively preserve the statistical distribution and phase information of images that makes the recovered GaoFen-3 sparse image-based applications such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar and constant false alarm ratio detection possible.