Abstract
UNTIL this year, the most accurate means of studying the atmospheric pressure at the surface of Mars were provided by remote sensing from fly-by or orbiting spacecraft. Radio occultation, which involves observations on Earth of the effects of refraction on the radio link from the spacecraft in the Martian atmosphere, has been used repeatedly to measure the pressures and temperatures in the atmosphere of Mars from the US Mariner1 and Soviet Mars2 spacecraft. By far the largest number of these measurements, some 260, was obtained with the Mariner 9 orbiter in 1972–733.
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