Abstract
Key exchange is an important primitive protocol to establish and agree a shared session key between two legitimate users over a public channel. In this paper, we first review the parity properties of the characteristics of Bell states via entanglement swapping to form several interesting equations. Then we give a definition of verifiable quantum key exchange with authentication (VQKEA) and present a novel VQKEA protocol based on the parity properties of Bell states via entanglement swapping. Compared with most existing quantum key exchange protocols, our proposed protocol can meet more secure requirements, e.g., authentication, verifiability, fairness and forward secrecy. In addition, it is feasible to implement our proposed protocol with the present quantum processing technologies.
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