Vergleich zwischen Fleischfliegen-Taxozönosen der dalmatinischen Adria-Küste, der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste, der griechischen ägaischen und ionischen Küste und jeweils anschließender Binnenland-Gebiete (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae)

Abstract

An attempt is made to compare the taxocoenoses (associations) of (hilltopping) Sarcophaginae visiting organic substrates, mainly offal and small marine carcasses on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea near Makarska, on the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea and on the Greek Aegean and partly on Ionian Sea coast including the adjacent habitats, especially mountain ranges. The long-term study basing on the statistic evaluation of several thousand specimens representing about 80 taxa indicates general ecological disintegration mainly of the coastal habitats due to the recreation, tourism etc. This disintegration shows, however, various trends and intensity depending on the level of the communal hygiene and care devoted to the centres of recreation. The legally protected habitats in the adjacent inland habitats of the mountain ranges are obviously less disintegrated, their disintegration showing direct dependence on pasture and deforestation. The hypsometrical differentiation of the sarcophagine taxocenoses revealed the possibility of discerning groups of species characteristic of the individual vegetation tiers confirming or clearing little known or unknown ecological niches of several little known taxa. The endemic taxa and the endemism degree of their habitats was cleared. The maximum ecological stability was observed in the limited but preserved remnants of the surviving forest stands (e.g. in the Pindos Mountains of the Greek Macedonia or of the Olymp Mountains in N' Greece), but partly also in the secondary macchia coastal formations following the former forest stands destroyed gradually during many centuries. The macchia zone shows also differentiated ecological equilibrium according to its human disintegration by pasture, fire, road construction etc. It appears that especially the marine coastal habitats with their dense human settlement and recreation are totally disintegrated. Groups of synanthropes, culturophiles and of sarcophagine taxa inhabiting natural habitats were redefined and this their synecological classification made it possible to use especially the hilltopping aggregations of the flesh-flies as a model group for synecological studies.