Abstract
The world-wide increase in Clostridium difficile-associated infections (CDI) and the more severe course of infection being observed have recently raised the level of attention given to this problem. In particular, CDI should be included in the differential diagnosis of watery diarrhoea. Laboratory detection methods should include microbiological culture for increased sensitivity. Antibiotic therapy is still a primary risk factor for the development of CDI and it appears that the increasing use of fluoroquinolones plays a particular role with regard to the hypervirulent strains of C. difficile (ribotype 027 and 078). Rational use of antibiotics and compliance with infection control measures are essential to prevent CDI. Since C. difficile produces highly resistant spores, special attention must be devoted to disinfection and hand hygiene. Furthermore, surveillance of cases in hospital is required to implement the necessary infection control measures.
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