Abstract
The crude methanolic extract obtained from Verbascum nigrum aerial parts (VNE) and its six fractions (VNF1-VNF6) were initially screened regarding their effects on the viability of immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes and A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells (MTT assay, 24 h). None of the tested samples affected the viability of HaCaT cells in a concentration range of 25-150 μg/mL. VNE and VNF4 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects in A431 cells, with IC50 values of 81.92 and 12.27 μg/mL, respectively; the selectivity index was higher than 10 for VNF4. The untargeted LC/HR-MS/MS metabolite profiling led to the tentative annotation of a total number of 23 compounds. Of these, VNE comprised mainly iridoid glycosides (harpagoside, laterioside, acylated aucubin derivatives), whereas VNF4 showed a high abundance of triterpene saponin glycosides (ilwensisaponins A and C, songarosaponins A and B), constituents known for their selective cytotoxic potential.
Highlights
Native to Europe and Asia, Verbascum genus (Scrophulariaceae) comprises more than 360 species distributed in the two continents of origin, and in North America and Northeast Africa.[1]
Anticoagulant, antihypotensive and diuretic effects.[4]. These bioactivities might be correlated with the presence of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids and saponin glycosides as the main phytochemicals reported in the flowers, leaves or roots of V. nigrum.[5,7,8]
VNF4 reduced the viability of ously we have shown that a crude methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of V. ovalifolium and its liquid-liquid partitioning fractions exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction of malignant melanoma SK-MEL-2 cell viability over the concentration range of 25 – 200 μg/mL, with butanol (IC50 = 77.98 μg/mL), hexane (IC50 = 144.02 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (IC50 = 189.31 μg/mL) fractions as the most active samples.[2]
Summary
Native to Europe and Asia, Verbascum genus (Scrophulariaceae) comprises more than 360 species distributed in the two continents of origin, and in North America and Northeast Africa.[1]. As part of our continuous research interest in finding new phytochemicals that could be used as potential leads for cancer chemoprevention and therapy,[2,11,12] some preliminary investigations on V. nigrum, a less explored species of mullein, were performed.[13] the current work investigated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of a crude methanolic extract obtained from V. nigrum and its six fractions in human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells.
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