Verbascum chinense L. leaf aqueous extract green-synthesized nanoparticles: Its performance in the treatment of several types of human lung cancers

Abstract

In recent years, scientists have tried to increase organic chemistry productions for the treatment of many cancers such as the lung cancers. In this regard, gold nanoparticles have a special place. Furthermore, one of the therapeutic properties of Verbascum chinense L. is increasing the physiological potentials of the body against several cancers. In the present study, gold nanoparticles were prepared and synthesized in aqueous medium using V. chinense leaf extract. We assessed the anti-human lung cancers potentials of these nanoparticles against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines. AuNPs were characterized and analyzed by common nanotechnology techniques including FT-IR and UV–Vis. Spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. In the FT-IR test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for reducing of gold in the gold nanoparticles. In UV–Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 542 nm indicated the formation of gold nanoparticles. We assessed the anti-human lung cancers potentials of these nanoparticles against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines. AuNPs had excellent anti-human lung cancer effects dose-dependently against HLC-1, LC-2/ad, and PC-14 cell lines. The best result of anti-human lung cancer activities of AuNPs against above cell lines was observed in the case of the PC-14 cell line. In conclusion, the synthesized AuNPs showed significant anti-human lung cancer properties against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines in a dose depended on manner. After confirming in the in vivo and clinical trials, AuNPs can be administrated in human for the treatment of humans’ lung cancers especially well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung.