Abstract
Cancer is a set of diseases including abnormal growth of cells that can spread to another tissue. Verbascoside (or acteoside) is a naturally occurring, water-soluble secondary metabolite with significant biological properties, which is distributed widely in plant kingdom. Verbascoside is pharmacologically active compounds with many recent evidences that support its biological activities and safety. This review focuses on the recent studies that concerned with the antitumor activities of verbascoside alone and as a synergistic agent as well as nanoproduct. It also shows the latest advances in its antitumor effects, cytotoxic selectivity and its efficiencies in treating cancer, in vitro and/or vivo.
Highlights
In spite of the significant technological advances in diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the past few decades, cancer (CA) transpires to be one of the key causes of death around the world [1], and considered as a second leading cause of mortality, globally, 9.6 million deaths was recorded by WHO in 2018 [2]
This review focuses on the recent studies that concerned with the antitumor activities of verbascoside alone and as a synergistic agent as well as nanoproduct
The results indicated that si-SHP-1 could partially inverse the effect of VERB, by decreasing the expression of SHP-1 and increasing the expression of p-STAT3, (p-STAT3 which is often associated with cell survival, proliferation, and transformation) [38]
Summary
In spite of the significant technological advances in diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the past few decades, cancer (CA) transpires to be one of the key causes of death around the world [1], and considered as a second leading cause of mortality, globally, 9.6 million deaths was recorded by WHO in 2018 [2]. Phenolic compounds can rapidly scavenge free radicals like hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, peroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by transferring single electron or hydrogen atoms to free radicals These mechanisms are the main physicochemical factors to evaluate the antioxidant efficiency of plant polyphenols [8]. The first steps are well-known, but numerous intermediates and key enzymes with their corresponding genes remain to be unknown Existing knowledge of this biosynthetic pathway, which is depend on experiments that including the feeding of plant with precursors labelled with specific isotope [19]. Toxicity studies on VERB showed its high level of safety as oral LD50 less than 2000 mg/kg, which give it high level of safety [33]
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