Verapamil-Sensitive Upper Septal Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia: Prevalence, Mechanism, and Electrophysiological Characteristics

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study sought to demonstrate the prevalence, mechanism, and electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of upper septal idiopathic left fascicular ventricular tachycardia (US-ILVT). BackgroundILVT is classified into left anterior and posterior types with no clear data about US-ILVT. MethodsAmong 193 ILVT patients, we identified 12 patients (6.2%; age 41 ± 22 years, 7 men) with US-ILVT. ResultsOf 12 patients with US-ILVT, 6 patients (50%) had previous history of radiofrequency catheter ablation for common ILVT. Sustained VT (cycle length: 349 ± 53 ms) was seen in all patients with a QRS interval slightly wider (104 ± 18 ms) than that during sinus rhythm (90 ± 19 ms). The VT exhibited an identical QRS configuration as sinus rhythm in 6 (50%) and incomplete right bundle branch block configuration in another 6. His-ventricular interval during VT was always shorter than that during sinus rhythm (27 ± 5 ms vs. 47 ± 10 ms). Purkinje potentials were activated in a reverse direction to that of common ILVT; namely, the diastolic potential (P1) was activated retrogradely but the pre-systolic potential (P2) was activated antegradely. At the left upper-middle ventricular septum, P1 potential was recorded during VT, preceding the QRS by 54 ± 20 ms. Radiofrequency catheter ablation at that site eliminated the VT with no recurrence during a 58 ± 35 months of follow-up. ConclusionsUS-ILVT is an identifiable VT that shares common criteria with ILVT and has a narrow QRS interval. Some US-ILVT cases appeared after common ILVT ablation. It is a reverse type of common ILVT (orthodromic form) with baseline morphological abnormalities that might provide a potential substrate for such VT.