Ventriculo-gallbladder shunt: An alternative for the treatment of hydrocephalus

Abstract

Abstract Background In the management of hydrocephalus, the ventriculo-gallbladder shunt is justified in situations where the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is not useful due to peritoneal involvement and/or when the ventriculo-auricular and ventriculo-pleural shunts are contraindicated. Clinical case A 27 year-old female with hydrocephalus at birth, managed with ventricle-peritoneal shunt, modified 3 times throughout her life due to repeated infections and other different reasons. She was admitted due to colitis caused by Clostridium difficile , presenting concomitant signs of intracranial hypertension and neurological impairment. This led to a review and change of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt system, with distal dysfunction due to peritoneal thickening. Atrial and pleural shunts were not indicated because the risk of infection. As an alternative, it was decided to place the distal end of the catheter in the gallbladder. The patient recovered her neurological functions after the surgery. Conclusions Drainage alternatives may be needed in 5% of patients with valvular shunt dysfunction. The ventriculo-gallbladder is a good and viable option because it has an absorptive capacity of 1500 cc liquid daily, besides being an excellent drainage through the bile duct. The abdominal surgery is easy to perform, and it is an alternative option in the failure of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.