Abstract
BackgroundVentricular strain measurements vary depending on cardiac chamber (left ventricle [LV] or right ventricle [RV]), type of strain (longitudinal, circumferential, or radial), ventricular level (basal, mid, or apical), myocardial layer (endocardial or epicardial), and software used for analysis, among other demographic factors such as age and gender. Here, we present an analysis of ventricular strain taking all of these variables into account in a cohort of patients with no structural heart disease using a vendor-independent speckle-tracking software.MethodsLV and RV full-thickness strain parameters were retrospectively measured in 102 patients (mean age 39 ± 15 years; 62% female). Within this cohort, we performed further layer-specific strain analysis in 20 subjects. Data were analyzed for global and segmental systolic strain, systolic strain rate, early diastolic strain rate, and their respective time-to-peak values.ResultsMean LV global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain values for the entire cohort were − 18.4 ± 2.0%, − 22.1 ± 4.1%, and 43.9 ± 12.1% respectively, while mean RV global and free wall longitudinal strain values were − 24.2 ± 3.9% and − 26.1 ± 5.2% respectively. Women on average demonstrated higher longitudinal and circumferential strain and strain rate than men, and longer corresponding time-to-peak values. Longitudinal strain measurements were highest at the apex compared with the mid ventricle and base, and in the endocardium compared with the epicardium. Longitudinal strain was the most reproducible measure, followed closely by circumferential strain, while radial strain showed suboptimal reproducibility.ConclusionsWe present an analysis of ventricular strain in patients with no structural heart disease using a vendor-independent speckle-tracking software.
Highlights
IntroductionVentricular strain measurements vary depending on cardiac chamber (left ventricle [Left ventricle (LV)] or right ventricle [Right ventricle (RV)]), type of strain (longitudinal, circumferential, or radial), ventricular level (basal, mid, or apical), myocardial layer (endocardial or epicardial), and software used for analysis, among other demographic factors such as age and gender
Strain measurements vary depending on cardiac chamber, type of strain, ventricular level, myocardial layer, software used for analysis, and demographic factors such as age and gender [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
Patients were referred for echocardiography for a variety of clinical indications, which fall under three broad categories: Group 1 patients were those who were referred for cardiac symptoms, an abnormal electrocardiogram, or for a baseline evaluation prior to chemotherapy initiation; Group 2 patients were those who had a family history of cardiomyopathy including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, or noncompaction cardiomyopathy; and Group 3 patients were those who had systemic conditions or prior exposures in which screening for cardiomyopathy is recommended including systemic amyloidosis, hypereosinophilia, muscular dystrophy or suspected mitochondrial disorders, or prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy (Supplementary Table 1)
Summary
Ventricular strain measurements vary depending on cardiac chamber (left ventricle [LV] or right ventricle [RV]), type of strain (longitudinal, circumferential, or radial), ventricular level (basal, mid, or apical), myocardial layer (endocardial or epicardial), and software used for analysis, among other demographic factors such as age and gender. Strain measurements vary depending on cardiac chamber (left ventricle [LV] or right ventricle [RV]), type of strain (longitudinal, circumferential, or radial), ventricular level (basal, mid, or apical), myocardial layer (endocardial or epicardial), software used for analysis, and demographic factors such as age and gender [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. We present an analysis of ventricular strain using a vendor-independent speckle-tracking software in a single cohort of patients who were referred for echocardiography but were found to have no overt evidence of structural heart disease
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