VENTILATION OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL TOMBS OF THE VALLEY OF KINGS, LUXOR, EGYPT

Abstract

The cultural heritage left by the Egyptian pharaohs in the tombs of the Valley of the Kings represents some of the key elements of the Egyptian cultural wealth and standing monuments demonstrating the wealth and technology of the pharaohs. As the pharaohnic civilization is one of the oldest civilizations, the dedicated preservation of its remaining monuments and collections should be the focus of sincere international efforts. A major heritage of this civilization, i.e., the tombs of the Kings, is intact in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt. These tombs were prepared to bury the Kings' mummies and artifacts for eternal life. Many of the wall paintings identifying the various ancient rituals and life style are in good conditions as the tombs were only recently opened to the public. However, tourists' activities in these tombs have resulted, in many instances, in the dramatic deterioration of wall paintings due in part to excessive humidity. The current indoor air flow conditions and air quality in the tombs are quite alarming; hence, appropriate measures should be taken to preserve the tombs and their contents. This dilemma invokes the need for a proper ventilation system that stabilizes the air conditioning as well as addresses comfort levels of visitors. Deterioration can be from lighting effects, high temperature and relative humidity. Pest infections, shock and vibration are also potential causes among pollution and visitors' traffic.