Ventilación mecánica no invasiva en pacientes con traumatismo de tórax

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation in patients with chest injury becomes a challenge due to physiological changes. Currently, chest injuries account for 10-15% of all traumas, and are responsible for 17-25% of all deaths caused by trauma. However, there is no clinical evidence to make recommendations for the use of any of the ventilation modes. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) corrects hypoxaemia in chest trauma patients. Materials and methodsProspective descriptive, observational and analytical study was conducted on 19 patients with chest trauma managed with NIMV in the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode. The age of the patients was between 18 and 67 years. For those patients with criteria for NIMV, the protocol implemented was 4hours of NIMV in CPAP mode with full mask. The parameters included: A pressure support variable plus a positive end-expiratory pressure of 10cm H2O, and FiO2 at 50% for 4h of venturi mask at 50%. Arterial blood samples were taken one hour after NIMV withdrawal. Failure was defined if continued with venturi, returned to NIMV, or went on to invasive mechanical ventilation. ResultsThe study included 89.5% males, and all (100%) of the patients had a mean Revised Trauma Score of less than 11 on admission to the emergency department, as well as a mean Injury Severity Score of 19, a mean Thorax Trauma Severity Score of 10, as well as a mean base excess −2.0. The mean time of NIMV was 3.2 days. An improvement of PO2 and PaO2/FiO2 index (PAFI) was observed in relation to the use of NIMV in CPAP mode, as well as a relationship with the classification of thoracic trauma (TTSS), and the time of NIMV. With this study, it can be concluded that NIMV in patients with chest trauma reduces intubation time and reduces mortality, as well as improving hypoxaemia in this group of patients.