Venous thromboembolism secondary to hospitalization for COVID-19: patient management and long-term outcomes

Abstract

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Little information is available on long-term outcomes of VTE in this population. ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the characteristics, management strategies, and long-term clinical outcomes between patients with COVID-19–associated VTE and patients with VTE provoked by hospitalization for other acute medical illnesses. MethodsThis is an observational cohort study, with a prospective cohort of 278 patients with COVID-19–associated VTE enrolled between 2020 and 2021 and a comparison cohort of 300 patients without COVID-19 enrolled in the ongoing START2-Register between 2018 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, other indications to anticoagulant treatment, active cancer, recent (<3 months) major surgery, trauma, pregnancy, and participation in interventional studies. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months after treatment discontinuation. Primary end point was the occurrence of venous and arterial thrombotic events. ResultsPatients with VTE secondary to COVID-19 had more frequent pulmonary embolism without deep vein thrombosis than controls (83.1% vs 46.2%, P <.001), lower prevalence of chronic inflammatory disease (1.4% and 16.3%, P <.001), and history of VTE (5.0% and 19.0%, P <.001). The median duration of anticoagulant treatment (194 and 225 days, P = 0.9) and the proportion of patients who discontinued anticoagulation (78.0% and 75.0%, P = 0.4) were similar between the 2 groups. Thrombotic event rates after discontinuation were 1.5 and 2.6 per 100 patient-years, respectively (P = 0.4). ConclusionThe risk of recurrent thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19–associated VTE is low and similar to the risk observed in patients with VTE secondary to hospitalization for other medical diseases.