Abstract
Bee venom is one of theeconomic income sources for beekeepers due to their widely medical uses andother traded products. This study investigates the biological activity ofvenom extracts from the honeybee, Apis melliferasubspecies: A. m. lamarckii and A. m. carnica by manual and electro-stimulated extracted methods. Venoms extracted compared with regard to their SDS-PAGE analysis, enzymaticactivities: protease, PLA2, hyaluronidase and haemolyticactivity of melittin, and LD50 value. Theelectrophoretic analysis data showed that manual venoms extract for Egyptianand Carniolan bees contain 24 and 21 bands with molecular weights ranging from127.66 - 15.92 KDa and 133.61- 14.4 KDa, respectively. It was noted that thevenoms electrically extracted for Egyptian and Carniolan bees have the highestsimilarities with 0.363. The enzymatic activities andLD50 value datashowed that the venoms extracted using electrical stimulatedmethod has high optimal quality and it can be commercialized by the beekeeper. The venom of Egyptian subspecies A. m. lamarckii has high biological activityand is the better form for the best pharmacologicalsource. The experimental data can be used for identification, standardizationand determining the biological activity of honeybee venom in Egypt.
Highlights
Beekeeping in Egypt is one of the most environmentally friendly types of farming since ancient Egyptian civilization
This study investigates the biological activity of venom extracts from the honeybee, Apis mellifera subspecies: A. m. lamarckii and A. m. carnica by manual and electro- stimulated extracted methods
Band No.41 with molecular weight (MW) 15.92 KDa was detected in the Egyptian (A) & (B) venom and the Carniolan (B) venom while band No 42 with MW 14.44 KDa was common between the (A) and (B) venom in the Carniolan subspecies
Summary
Beekeeping in Egypt is one of the most environmentally friendly types of farming since ancient Egyptian civilization. Honeybee venom (HBV- apitoxin), is typically highly abundant and is actively secreted by the venom glands to contribute to the venom defense and social immunity function (Baracchi and Turillazzi, 2010; Danneels et al, 2015). Honeybee venom (apitoxin), is a transparent liquid, ornamental pungent smell, a bitter taste, hydrolytic. The active portion of apitoxin is a complex mixture of proteins, peptides and low molecular components (Bogdanov, 2015) which causes local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant. Besides the painful toxic effects, HBV has many beneficial biological ones. The most important ones are: anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, pain-soothing; anti-bacterial; immunosuppressive; radiation-protective; improves hemoglobin synthesis, anticoagulant; accelerates heartbeat, increase blood circulation, lowers blood pressure; lowers cholesterol levels; activates the central nervous system; stimulates the secretion of endogenous cortisone (Ali, 2012)
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