VELOR

Abstract

This research focuses on developing a velocity-based routing (VELOR) protocol for city and urban vehicular ad hoc networks. VELOR is a two-level routing protocol. The first level finds the intersections to be traversed along the routing path based on the road topology and vehicular traffic on each road segment. Selective flooding method is developed to reduce congestion and signaling overhead. At the second level, forwarding optimization is carried out using the standby function for selecting next-hop node based on the identified parameters. These parameters are the farthest predicted neighbor and the transmission probability. Simulations performed using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), BonnMotion and NS-2 compare the AODV, OLSR, GPSR and GOSR routing protocols with VELOR. VELOR shows as much as 35% increase in average packet delivery ratio and as much as 50% decrease in the average end-to-end delay as compared to the other protocols in high density, urban networks. On comparing across various mobility scenarios, the packet delivery ratios for all the protocols drop significantly with the increase in mobility model complexity, except for VELOR which is stable throughout. Across all the mobility models, the delays increase for all other protocols with increasing node density. However, for VELOR, the delay decreases.