Velocity measurement of the liquid–solid flow in a vertical pipeline using gamma-ray absorption and weighted cross-correlation

Abstract

Developing technology for the deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules requires, theoretical analyses, simulation and numerous experimental studies. In this paper authors focused on nuclear methods adoption to velocity of solid phase measurement in an extremely hard and varying environment. Selected results of the experimental studies of two-phase liquid–solid particles flow in a vertical pipeline obtained by probing with photon beams are presented. With the use of the sealed 241Am isotopes emitting gamma radiation of 59.5keV, and the scintillation probes with NaI(TI) detectors, the average transport velocity for ceramic models representing natural polymetallic nodules were determined. In the paper for analysis of the signals coming from the probes, the cross correlation function (CCF) and its modifications consisting in the combination of the CCF with such procedures as the average square difference function (ASDF) and the average magnitude difference function (AMDF) were used. An example of measurement is presented and its resulting uncertainties determined. In described experiment the relative values of the combined uncertainty of solid particles average velocity estimation are equal to: 3.2% for the CCF, 3.0% for the CCF/AMDF and 2.8% for the CCF/ASDF.