Abstract
The design strategies for barrier structures against high-speed granular impacts are still lacking, because the granular impact dynamics is poorly understood. We have investigated the impact behavior of high-speed granular avalanches with different velocities (7–20 m/s) using the centrifuge modeling and DEM simulation. The results indicate that the peak total impact force should be calculated as the sum of the dynamic and static components, and the impact force distribution mode can be treated as having a rectangular shape. For granular impacts with velocities of 7–20 m/s, the dynamic component can be calculated based on the hydraulic dynamic model fed the maximum values of the flow depth, velocity, and density. The static component can be estimated using Coulomb's earth pressure theory using the dead zone weight based on an assumption of the static failure mode of the dead zone and with the flow–dead zone interaction-induced force being implicitly considered.
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