Abstract
Emission inventories are the quantification of pollutants from different sources. They provide important information not only for climate and weather studies, but also for urban planning and environmental health protection. We developed an open source model (named VEIN v0.2.2) that provides high resolution vehicular emissions inventories for different fields of studies. We focused on vehicular sources at street and hourly levels % they are the major source of air pollution in megacities. due to the current lack of information about these sources, mainly in developing countries. The type of emissions covered by VEIN are: exhaust (hot and cold) and evaporative considering the deterioration of the factors. VEIN also performs speciation and incorporates functions to generate and spatially allocate emissions databases. It allows users to load their own emissions factors, but it also provides emissions factors from the road transport model (Copert), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Brazilian databases. The VEIN model reads, distributes by age of use and extrapolates hourly traffic data, and estimates hourly and spatially emissions. Based on our knowledge, VEIN is the first bottom-up vehicle emissions software that allows input to the WRF-Chem model. Therefore, the VEIN model provides an important, easy and fast way of elaborating or analyzing vehicular emissions inventories, under different scenarios. The VEIN results can be used as an input for atmospheric models, health studies, air quality standardizations and decision making.
Highlights
Emissions inventory is a quantification of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by different sources (Pulles and Heslinga, 2010)
Vehicular emissions are becoming increasingly important in urban centers (Andrade et al, 2017) and measurements have shown that compounds emitted from exhausts can be highly reactive in the atmosphere, contributing to critical episodes of photochemical smog (Nogueira et al, 2015)
Vehicular Emissions INventory (VEIN) imports some functions of the package “units” (Pebesma et al, 2016), which is an interface in the C library “udunits” from University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Summary
Emissions inventory is a quantification of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by different sources (Pulles and Heslinga, 2010). Vehicular emissions are becoming increasingly important in urban centers (Andrade et al, 2017) and measurements have shown that compounds emitted from exhausts can be highly reactive in the atmosphere, contributing to critical episodes of photochemical smog (Nogueira et al, 2015) Obtaining this type of emissions database can be complicated, since the sources are moving and the emissions process is complex with many variables. It is designed for working with and extrapolating outputs of four-stage travel demands; the model is flexible and could be used with a top–down approach It allows the classification of vehicles into several categories, different options of emission factors and specification of pollutants, and input traffic from traffic simulations or other network-based sources. Userfriendly and available to run in any computational platform (Mac, Windows, Linux, etc.)
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