Abstract

With the development of the vehicular network, new radio technologies have been in the spotlight for maximizing the utilization of the limited radio spectrum resource while accommodating the increasing amount of services and applications in the wireless mobile networks. New spectrum policies based on dynamic spectrum access technology such as flexible access common spectrum (FACS) have been adopted by the Korea Communications Commission (KCC). 23 GHz bands have been allocated to FACS bands by the KCC, which is expected extensively for vehicular communications. The comprehensive knowledge on the radio channel is essential to effectively support the design, simulation, and development of such radio technologies. In this paper, the characteristics of 23 GHz vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) channels are simulated and extracted for the urban environment in Seoul. The path loss, shadow factor, Ricean K-factor, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and angular spreads are characterized from the calibrated ray-tracing simulation results, and it can help researchers have a better understanding of the propagation channel for designing vehicular radio technologies and a communication system in a similar environment.

Highlights

  • Flexible access common spectrum (FACS) has been considered to have an important role in accommodating the fast-growing spectrum demands in vehicular communications, which will ramp up the development of mobile and wireless vehicular communication technologies to advance safety and convenience on the roads [1, 2]

  • The realistic large-scale fading channel parameters are indispensable for efficient network deployment and optimization; the fidelity small-scale fading channel parameters are crucial in physical layer design, such as optimal modulation, coding, diversity, and protocol scheme development [5]

  • E locations and heights of the transmitter (Tx) at the base station (BS) and receiver (Rx) at the user equipment (UE) are given in Table 1. e settings follow the recommendations of 3GPP TR 37.885

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Summary

Introduction

Flexible access common spectrum (FACS) has been considered to have an important role in accommodating the fast-growing spectrum demands in vehicular communications, which will ramp up the development of mobile and wireless vehicular communication technologies to advance safety and convenience on the roads [1, 2]. E work in [14,15,16] describes the MPC dispersion in delay and angle domains for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments and explores MPC distribution and its propagation mechanisms in different propagation environments All of those important vehicular channel characteristics show that the vehicular channel exhibits severe fading and statistical nonstationarity. E similar works in [22, 23] analyze the characteristics of MPC propagation and verify the availability of the vehicular communication system at 60 GHz. Based on channel measurement with rotating directional antennas, the DS, path loss exponent (PLE), and angular spread of arrival (ASA) are compared between line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS conditions at 60 GHz under outdoor environments in [24, 25].

Realistic Vehicular Moving Network Environments
Overview of Environments
Vehicle Types and Mobility Modeling
RT Simulations in Realistic Vehicular Scenarios
Key Channel Parameters for LinkLevel Simulation
Conclusion
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