Abstract
A Pseudo-satellite system that transmits signals similar to GNSS can provide positioning services in places where GNSS signals are not captured and have enormous potential for indoor machine system and airports. Different paths of the device have different carrier phase initial solution positioning accuracy. Existing methods rely on measuring instruments or use many coordinate points for solving ambiguity resolution (AR), which creates inconvenience for real-time ground positioning. This study aims to find a new on-the-fly (OTF) method to achieve high accuracy and convenient positioning. A new method is proposed based on a two-difference observation model for ground-based high-precision point positioning. We used an adaptive particle swarm algorithm to solve the initial solution, followed by a nonlinear least-squares method to optimize the localization solution. It is free of priori information or measuring instruments. We designed several different paths, such as circular trajectory and square trajectory, to study the positioning accuracy of the solution. Simulation experiments with different trajectories showed that geometric changes significantly impact solutions. In addition, it does not require precise time synchronization of the base stations, making the whole system much easier to deploy. We built a real-world pseudo-satellite system and used a multi-sensor crewless vehicle as a receiver. Real-world experiments showed that our approach could achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy in applications.
Highlights
Navigation and positioning functions are essential components of robotic systems and are attracting increasingly widespread attention
In order to verify the effect of sizing on positioning accuracy, simulations of different scales of square and straight lines are performed experimentally
This study shows that adaptive OTF (A-OTF) can achieve high precision positioning with robustness under the condition that system noise statistics involve uncertainty
Summary
Navigation and positioning functions are essential components of robotic systems and are attracting increasingly widespread attention. Due to building obstructions, GNSS cannot provide services in urban canyon environments or warehouses. This raises serious challenges for driverless technology in urban environments and warehouse robots. Pseudo-satellites are groundbased transmitters that can be flexibly placed in scenarios where positioning services are required [4,5,6]. They can contribute to enhanced GNSS performance in open-air situations or provide an independent positioning service [7,8,9,10]
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