Vehicle-Life Interaction in Fog-Enabled Smart Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Bushra Feroz,Hafsa Maryam,Carsten Maple,Sherali Zeadally,Amjad Mehmood,Munam Ali Shah

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3049110

Abstract

Traffic accidents have become a major issue for researchers, academia, government and vehicle manufacturers over the last few years. Many accidents and emergency situations frequently occur on the road. Unfortunately, accidents lead to health injuries, destruction of some infrastructure, bad traffic flow, and more importantly these events cause deaths of hundreds of thousands of people due to not getting treatment in time. Thus, we need to develop an efficient and smart emergency system to ensure the timely arrival of an ambulance service to the place of the accident in order to provide timely medical help to those injured. In addition, we also need to communicate promptly with other entities such as hospitals so that they can make appropriate arrangements and provide timely medical information to emergency personnel on the scene including alerting those related to the injured person(s). In this paper, we have developed an intelligent protocol that uses connected and autonomous vehicles' scenarios in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) so that prompt emergency services can be provided to reduce the death rate caused. The proposed protocol smartly connects with all the relevant entitles during the emergency while maintaining a smooth traffic flow for the arrival of the ambulance service. Moreover, our protocol also mitigates the broadcasting of messages circulating over the network for delay sensitive tasks. The evaluation results, based on the performance metrics such as channel collision, average packet delay, packet loss, and routing-overhead demonstrate that our proposed protocol outperforms previously proposed protocols such as Emergency Message Dissemination for Vehicular (EMDV), Contention Based Broadcasting (CBB), and Particle Swarm Optimization Contention-based Broadcast (PCBB) protocols. Finally, we discuss several issues and challenges that need to be addressed in the network in order to achieve more a reliable, efficient, connected, and autonomous vehicular network.

Highlights

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been a hot topic of research in the past decade
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Based on the literature review above, we found that most V2V based approaches which deal with emergency situations cause congestion and, as a result, an ambulance may not arrive on time which can lead to loss of life [23]
The collisions produced by Particle Swarm Optimization Contention-based Broadcast (PCBB), Contention Based Broadcasting (CBB), Emergency Message Dissemination for Vehicular (EMDV), and proposed scheme are same at the beginning; our proposed protocol significantly performs better than previous approaches when the number of emergency messages circulating over the network increases

Summary

Introduction

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been a hot topic of research in the past decade. Many vehicles cause serious issues such as road accidents and traffic congestion. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Zhenzhou Tang. Concept of VANETs to make traveling safer and more comfortable. In the VANETs communication paradigm, each vehicle communicates with other vehicles by using protocols such as the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) protocol and the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) protocol. The Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication framework provides real-time wireless data exchange and provides significant safety benefits.

Methods

Results

Conclusion