Abstract
Currently, some 96 mostly urban areas violate the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and 41 violate the standard for carbon monoxide (CO) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991a). If U.S. cities are to meet these standards, major reductions in emissions of CO and the ozone precursors—nitrogen oxides (NOX) and reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs)1—will be necessary. As gasoline vehicles (GVs) contribute most of the CO emissions and a large share of VOCs and NOX, reductions in their emissions must be a component of strategies to attain the ambient standards.
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