VEHICLE ACCESS OF VILLAGE AREAS: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

Abstract

A crucial role in the organization of passenger transportation, and thus mobility of the population is played by an effective implementation of the national transport policy and the state and the local government. It provides a foundation for the solution of problems of financial provision of the individual types of transport and should contribute to making plans of activities in this area for individual entrepreneurs and investors. The article deals with the existing approaches to the determination of the areas vehicle access category. Its main characteristics (economic, institutional and social) are analysed. The search for new methodological framework that allows to consider the problems of theoretical and practical justification of the adequacy of the system evaluation of territorial differentiation of population life quality from the perspective of the institutional changes has been made. It has been proved that accessibility is the economic category, which is determined by the level of development of the productive forces of society and the level of development needs in traffic for economy and population. As an institutional category, it represents the interconnection of factors system (spatial, temporal, cost, quality, social), and is justified to meet the requirements for transportation of people and / or cargo. In the context of rural areas, transport accessibility represents the ratio of three parameters: the need for transport services for peasants, the possibility of their provision by transport territorial systems and the state regulation and control. As a result of its low level, the socially guaranteed minimum transport services are not provided in the village, which leads to discrimination of rural residents. There is a necessity to consider the transport policy of the state to create total transport accessibility of rural areas on the basis of cooperation rather than competition of various transport modes. Due to the objective limitations of public resources, an effective system for its implementation at all levels actualizes the use of Institute of state-private partnership, which allows to include the development of social infrastructure in rural areas private-sector resources in the list of socially important tasks