VEGF-induced angiogenesis following localized delivery via injectable, low viscosity poly(trimethylene carbonate)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of low molecular weight poly(trimethylene carbonate) for localized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery. Poly(trimethylene carbonate) of various molecular weights was prepared by ring-opening polymerization initiated by 1-octanol. The resultant polymers were liquid at room temperature with low glass transition temperatures and viscosities at 37°C that permitted their injection through an 18 ½ G 1.5″ needle. Particles consisting of VEGF co-lyophilized with trehalose were mixed into the polymers and the rate of release of VEGF was assessed in vitro. With a 1% particle loading, VEGF was released from the polymer at a rate of 20ng/day over a period of 3weeks. This release behavior was independent of the molecular weight of polymer used. Increasing the VEGF content in the lyophilized particles did not increase the VEGF release rate, an effect attributed to the solubility limit of VEGF in the solution formed upon dissolution of the particles. The VEGF released retained its bioactivity at greater than 95% of that of as-lyophilized VEGF, as assessed using a human aortic endothelial cell proliferation assay. This high bioactivity was supported by in vivo release experiments, wherein VEGF containing polymer implants induced the generation of significantly greater numbers of blood vessels towards the polymer implant than controls. The blood vessels did not remain stable and were reduced in number by three weeks, due to the unsustained and low concentration of VEGF released. This formulation approach, of using a low viscosity polymer delivery vehicle, is potentially useful for localized delivery of acid-sensitive proteins, such as VEGF.