VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 Genes Expression Analysis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors and the Association with Tumor ClinicoPathological Parameters and Dog Breed Assessment.

Simona Sakalauskaitė,Violeta Šaltenienė,Vita Riškevičienė,Nomeda Juodžiukynienė,Rasa Ugenskienė,Birutė Karvelienė,Darja Nikitina

doi:10.3390/vetsci8100212

Simona Sakalauskaitė, Violeta Šaltenienė + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100212

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Journal: Veterinary sciences	Publication Date: Sep 30, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

Abstract

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are one of the most prevalent cancers in dogs and a good model for human breast cancer (BC), however gene expression analysis of CMTs is scarce. Although divergence of genes expression has been found in BC of different human races, no such research of different dog’s breeds has been done. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of the VEGF-B, VEGF-A, FLT-1, KDR, ERBB2, EGFR, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes of canine mammary carcinomas, compare the expression levels with clinicopathological parameters and analyze expression disparities between different breeds. Carcinomas and adjacent tissues were collected from female dogs to perform routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that VEGF-B and EGFR genes were overexpressed in the mammary gland carcinomas compared to adjacent tissue. VEGF-B gene expression had associations with different parameters (tumor size, grade, and absence of metastasis). Furthermore, differences in VEGF-B, FLT1, ERBB2, GRB2, RAC1, CDH1 and HYAL-1 genes expression have been found in different breed dogs (German Shepherd, Yorkshire Terrier) and mixed-breed dogs indicating that a dog’s breed could determine a molecular difference, outcome of cancer and should be accounted as a confounding factor in the future gene expression research.

Highlights

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most often diagnosed neoplasms in intact female dogs and can make up to approximately 70% of all neoplasms in dogs
Our results showed no association with metastasis, and we see those results of previous studies done with protein expression show variable results, further studies are needed in the expression levels and mutations of the Cadherin 1 (CDH1) gene in CMTs
Our study has shown that VEGF-B and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes were overexpressed in the canine mammary gland carcinomas compared to adjacent tissue

Summary

Introduction

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most often diagnosed neoplasms in intact female dogs and can make up to approximately 70% of all neoplasms in dogs. CMTs are considered as a good research model for human breast cancer (BC) due to the multiple similarities between them These tumors develop at an older age, go through an identical course of the disease, clinical stages and invasion to lymph nodes in both humans and dogs [10]. It seems that a few breeds of dogs have an increased risk for different types of cancer, there is no consensus between researchers upon which breeds have the highest risk to develop CMTs [11,12]. No such studies were performed with CMTs, except an immunohistochemistry (IHC) study which found the similarities between the Shih Tzu breed and AA women because both groups have had the highest prevalence of triplenegative mammary tumors [17]

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