Abstract
BackgroundIt’s necessary to analyze the role of VEGF, apelin, and HO-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to evaluate its relevance to diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsT2DM patients who were treated in our hospital from December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019 were included. T2DM patients were divided into non-DR (NDR) group, non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group, and proliferative DR (PDR) group. and healthy participants were selected as the control group. The value of VEGF, apelin, and HO1 in predicting PDR were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the relations of VEGF, apelin, HO-1 and clinical factors in PDR patients were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsA total of 295 participants were included. The level of FPG and HbAlc in PDR group were significantly higher than that of other groups (all p < 0.05); the level of VEGF and apelin in PDR group were significantly higher than that of other groups (all p < 0.05), but the level of HO-1 in PDR group were significantly less than that of other groups(p = 0.017); the AUC of VEGF, apelin, HO-1 and combined use was 0.806(95%CI: 0.779–0.861), 0.819(95%CI: 0.765–0.878), 0.808(95%CI: 0.733–0.869) and 0.902(95%CI: 0.822–0.958) respectively, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity of the three combined use was significantly higher than that of single VEGF, apelin, HO-1 use(all p < 0.05). The cutoff values of serum VEGF, apelin, and HO-1 levels for predicting PDR were 163.85 pg/ml, 8.27 ng/ml, and 26.06 mmol/L respectively. Serum VEGF, apelin, and HO-1 in patients with PDR was related to the time course of DM, FPG and HbAlc (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsVEGF, apelin and HO-1 are related to the progress of DR, and the combined use of VEGF, apelin and HO-1 is beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of PDR.
Highlights
It’s necessary to analyze the role of VEGF, apelin, and HO-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to evaluate its relevance to diabetic retinopathy (DR)
The characteristics of included participants A total of 295 participants were included in this preset study, with 80 controls, 75 NDR patients, 72 non-proliferative DR (NPDR) patients and 68 proliferative DR (PDR) patients respectively (Table 1)
There was significant difference in the time course of diabetes mellitus (DM)(p = 0.021) among DM groups, no significant differences were found in the gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and cases of hypertension among groups
Summary
It’s necessary to analyze the role of VEGF, apelin, and HO-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to evaluate its relevance to diabetic retinopathy (DR). With the improvement of economic level, the aging related to the increase of average life expectancy, lifestyle has changed significantly changes such as sedentary and unbalanced diets [1]. Many of these factors have caused the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) to increase year by year [2]. It is estimated that by 2025, there will be 300 million people with diabetes worldwide, most of which will be in developing countries [3, 4].
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