Abstract
Understanding the diversity of vegetation is a useful tool in plant ecology and forestry to compare the composition of different species. Kalyana Karnataka region is one of the largest arid regions in India. The natural vegetation can be seen mostly in the valleys and hill locks only. The forest vegetation generally falls under Southern tropical dry deciduous forest and Southern tropical thorn forests. Dry deciduous forests are found in small blocks almost throughout the area but the mere composition is at Chincholi in Kaluburagi district, Khanapur and Changler in Bidar District and Sandur and Sogi in Bellary. Trees of this region are generally drought resistant with wide distribution and have great adaptability (Anogeissus latifolia, Soymida febrifuga etc.). The occurrence of teak (Tectona grandis) in low to fair amount characterizes this type. Yadgir, Raichur and Koppal district comprising predominant thorny and hardwood species, main components are Acacia chundra, A. leucophloea, Albizia amara, Ixora arborea, Cassis fistula etc.; this can be classified as thorn forests. Associated and encountered shrubs and herbs in the region were also recorded. Interestingly, few insectivorous plants viz., Drosera indica, D. Burmanii, Utricularia species are found. Pteridophytes like Isoetes coramandaliana, Selaginella bryopteris, Pteris jeranifolia, Adiantum incisum etc. are creating botanical interest about the forest vegetation of Yadgiri and Raichur district.
Highlights
Vegetation is an assemblage of plants growing under similar climatic conditions
The composition of vegetation depends on the assemblage of species population of a particular type and in turn the spatial distribution pattern of species population depends on the dispersal capacity of the species, the microclimatic condition in which it grows and other biotic factors Vegetation play an important role in soil formation
The dry deciduous forests are found in small blocks almost throughout the area but to a much limited extent and the best ones are at Chincholi in Gulbarga district and Sandur and Sogi in Bellary districts
Summary
Vegetation is an assemblage of plants growing under similar climatic conditions. The composition of vegetation depends on the assemblage of species population of a particular type and in turn the spatial distribution pattern of species population depends on the dispersal capacity of the species, the microclimatic condition in which it grows and other biotic factors Vegetation play an important role in soil formation.North-Eastern Karnataka is comprised of 6 districts of Karnataka state viz. Bidar, Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bellary (Fig-1) as listed from north to South. Vegetation is an assemblage of plants growing under similar climatic conditions. The composition of vegetation depends on the assemblage of species population of a particular type and in turn the spatial distribution pattern of species population depends on the dispersal capacity of the species, the microclimatic condition in which it grows and other biotic factors Vegetation play an important role in soil formation. North-Eastern Karnataka falls in the ‘Maidan’ or the plain country and is mainly an inland plateau. The main features of plateau landscape are either flat or rolling, extensive plains between 300-900 m altitude. The peninsular plateau constitutes the largest physiographic division of India and consists of South Deccan plateau as one of its five sub-divisions, of which the Karnataka plateau is one of the constituents. There are some terrains in the southern part of the region (Singh, 1988)
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