Abstract
Dynamic change in vegetation is an integral component of terrestrial ecosystems, which has become a significant research area in the current context of global climate warming. Jilin Province in northeast China is an ecologically fragile area, and there is an urgent need to understand its vegetation changes and responses to both climatic factors and human activities. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to analyze trends in vegetation growth, and indicated significant growth overall. The NDVI of different vegetation cover types is increasing, indicating that the vegetation is continuously greening, and in descending order, the growth trends were grassland (0.0035/year) > permanent wetland (0.0028/year) > cropland (0.0027/year) > forest land (0.0022/year) > barren land (−0.0001/year). Grassland and cropland vegetation types included the most severely degraded areas, with fluctuating NDVI values. Precipitation was the main positive controlling climatic factor of NDVI in the western regions of the study area, while average temperature was the main factor in the eastern regions. Precipitation was the main climatic control factor for grassland and cropland, while forest land was limited by precipitation and average temperature. Barren land and permanent wetland were slightly negatively correlated with precipitation. From 2000 to 2019, the residual values for NDVI increased from −0.0121 to 0.0116, and the impact of human activities on vegetation changed from negative to positive. By 2019, the proportion of positively affected zones was as high as 94.01%, and the negatively affected zones were mainly distributed across transitional areas of cropland and grassland, and urban and built-up land and forest land.
Highlights
As an integral component of terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation is a natural link between the soil, atmosphere, moisture, and other elements [1,2]
During the past half century, global climate change and human disturbances have become the main drivers of ecosystem change, and have had a huge impact on vegetation ecosystems [4,5,6]
Understanding vegetation changes and their internal relationships with climatic factors and human activities can help us to predict the evolution of ecosystems under conditions of future climate change, and provide a basis for ecological sustainability, ecosystem protection, and management planning [7,8,9]
Summary
As an integral component of terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation is a natural link between the soil, atmosphere, moisture, and other elements [1,2]. Dynamic changes in vegetation comprise an important research topic in the context of current global climate warming [3]. During the past half century, global climate change and human disturbances have become the main drivers of ecosystem change, and have had a huge impact on vegetation ecosystems [4,5,6]. Understanding vegetation changes and their internal relationships with climatic factors and human activities can help us to predict the evolution of ecosystems under conditions of future climate change, and provide a basis for ecological sustainability, ecosystem protection, and management planning [7,8,9]. As attested by many studies, detailed research on vegetation change is needed at a regional level [11]. In China, temperature has a greater influence than precipitation on the normalized difference vegetation
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